How to Fix DNS Leak on Android

Android may route DNS through Private DNS providers or app-specific settings even when VPN is active.

1. Set Android Private DNS to Off or Automatic while testing VPN DNS behavior.
2. Enable 'Block connections without VPN' in Android VPN settings when possible.
3. Turn off per-app DNS features in browsers that bypass system DNS routes.
4. Force-close apps after VPN connect so they reopen with updated network paths.
5. Retest on mobile data and Wi-Fi separately to compare resolver exposure.